Effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy on the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 and nuclear factor kappa B in condyloma acuminatum keratinocytes

BackgroundCondyloma acuminatum (CA) is a common sexually transmitted disease caused by human papillomaviruses. Five-aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) can promote the apoptosis of keratinocytes and inhibit proliferation; however, the effect of ALA-PDT on the immune mechanism of CA tissue is not well understood. In this study, we examined the changes in Toll-like receptor 4 (TRL4) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) expression in CA tissues before ALA-PDT treatment to determine its effects and possible immune mechanisms.MethodsImmunohistochemistry (streptavidin-peroxidase) was used to detect the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB in the keratinocytes of the patients with CA before and after ALA-PDT treatment.ResultsBefore treatment, the positive TLR4 and NF-κB expression rates in the keratinocytes of the patients with CA were 86.53% (45/52) and 94.23% (49/52), respectively, whereas after treatment, these rates were 44.23% (23/52) and 38.46% (20/52), respectively. Positive TLR4 and NF-κB expression in the keratinocytes of CA was mostly ++ to +++ in intensity before ALA-PDT and mostly ranged from – to + after treatment. The positive expression rate and intensity of TLR4 and NF-κB in the two groups before and after ALA-PDT were significantly different (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB in the CA tissues after ALA-PDT (r = 0.486, P < 0.05).ConclusionsALA-PDT may relieve local immunosuppressive states by reducing TLR4 and NF-κB expression and jointly promoting CA regression, which is a potential molecular mechanism of ALA-PDT in CA treatment.     

黄芩苷对肝星状细胞iNOS/PUMA信号通路的影响

目的研究黄芩苷通过iNOS/PUMA信号通路促进肝星状细胞凋亡的作用。方法MTT检测细胞增殖抑制率,Western Blot检测iNOS、PUMA蛋白表达,real-time PCR检测PUMA mRNA表达,一氧化氮检测试剂盒检测NO含量,iNOS抑制剂L-NAME预处理后检测细胞增殖抑制率和PUMA表达,Hoechst 33342核染色检测细胞凋亡。结果50 mM黄芩苷引起肝星状细胞活化诱导性死亡;黄芩苷促进肝星状细胞PUMA mRNA、蛋白表达;iNOS抑制剂L-NAME预处理后PUMA表达降低、细胞凋亡减少。结论黄芩苷能通过iNOS/PUMA信号通路促进肝星状细胞凋亡。     

中医药治疗慢性前列腺炎研究概况

综述近年中医药治疗慢性前列腺炎的临床研究,认为本病病因病机之核心在于脾肾亏虚为本,湿热、痰浊、瘀毒为标,病久则伤及脾肾,由实转虚。中医内治法主要以辨证论治、辨病论治或单方验方为主,外治法以中药洗浴、中药灌肠、肛门给药、针灸为主。中医药治疗本病优势明显。应继续完善对中医药作用机制的认识,制订统一的辨证论治及疗效评价标准,针对效果显著的名方开展研究。     

Cardiovascular effects and mechanisms of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2 inhibitors) are a new type of drug for the treatment of diabetes, and they have been proven to have a good hypoglycemic effect. Several lines of clinical evidence have shown that SGLT2 inhibitors can significantly reduce the risks of atherosclerosis, hospitalization for heart failure, cardiovascular death, and all-cause mortality and delay the progression of chronic kidney disease. Because of the protective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on the heart and kidney, they are being studied for the treatment of heart failure and chronic kidney disease in patients without diabetes. Therefore, it is necessary for cardiologists, patients with diabetes, and nephrologists to fully understand this type of drug. In this review, we summarize the following three aspects of SGLT2 inhibitors: the recent clinical evidence of their cardiovascular benefits, their mechanisms of action, and their safety.     

磁共振弥散张量成像在脑小血管病中的应用进展

随着人口老龄化进程的加速,脑小血管病(CSVD)的发病率也在不断上升,其导致的多种症状严重影响了患者的生活质量。MRI弥散张量成像(DTI)作为新近发展的影像技术,有无创显示白质纤维超微结构等优点,已被广泛用于疾病早期诊断、病情预测、治疗评估等多方面的研究。本文即就DTI技术在CSVD中的研究现状和未来发展前景进行综述。